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徽州风韵之徽菜

徽州风韵之徽菜

   
徽菜,又名皖菜。安徽省位于华东的西北部,因春秋时曾属皖国,又有著名的皖山,所以简称皖。安徽是历代政治、经济和文化比较发达的地区。早在三国时期,这里的农业和手工业在全国经济中就占有重要地位。在唐玄宗年间,经济繁盛,徽籍商人已遍及南北各重要城市。宋朝建立后,国内经济重心进一步南移,安徽商业更为繁荣。到明朝时徽商遍及全国各大城市。

据明史记述;当时"大商人中以徽商和晋商最为突出","富商之称雄者,江南首推新安"。自唐代以后,历代都有"无徽不成镇"之说,可见古代安徽商业之发达,商贾之众多。随着安徽商人出外经商,徽菜也普及各地,在江浙一带及武汉、洛阳、广州、山东、北京、陕西等地均有徽菜馆,尤以上海最多,而且是最早进入上海的异地风味,其经营的"馄饨鸭"和"大血汤","煨海参"等安徽菜式曾风靡上海滩。

安徽菜是由皖南、沿江和沿淮三种地方风味所构成。皖南徽菜是安徽菜的主要代表,它起源于黄山麓下的歙县(古徽州)。后来,由于新安江畔的屯溪小镇成为"祁红"、"屯绿"等名茶和徽墨、歙砚等土特产品的集散中心,商业兴起,饮食业发达,徽菜也随之转移到了屯溪,并得到了进一步发展。徽菜以烹制山珍野味而著称。

据《徽州府志》记载,早在南宋间,用皖南山区特产"沙地马蹄鳖,雪天牛尾狸"做菜已闻名各地。沿江菜以芜湖、安庆地区为代表,以后传到合肥地区,它以烹调河鲜、家禽见长,其烟熏技术别具一格。沿淮菜,主要由蚌埠、宿县、阜阳等地地方风味构成。

安徽菜的主要特点:烹调方法上擅长烧、炖、蒸,而爆、炒菜少,重油、重色,重火功。主要名菜有"火腿炖甲鱼","红烧果子狸"、"腌鲜桂鱼"、"无为熏鸭"、"符离集烧鸡"、"问政笋"、"黄山炖鸽"等上百种。
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    徽菜菜系又称“徽帮”、“安徽风味”,是中国著名的八大菜系之一,随着徽商崛起而享誉大江南北,同时亦随着徽商

的衰落而沉寂。从广义上讲,有皖南菜、沿江菜、沿淮菜三种地方风味菜所构成。狭义上讲,主要指古徽州府治所在

地歙县为代表的皖南菜肴。徽菜在菜式上,有筵席大菜、和菜、五规八碟十大碗菜、大众菜和家常风味菜等,各种菜

式有其不同的规矩要求。如筵席菜式,就是有一定程序的冷菜、热炒、点心、水果组成,规格有六六制,八八制。这

些规矩和要求是伴随着富甲天下的徽商生活奢华而产生。我们现在中餐服务培训中设置的上菜程序,就是源于徽菜的

传统而演变、承传、发展而来。 徽菜发源于南宋时期的古徽州(今安徽歙县一带),原是徽州山区的地方风味。由于

徽商的崛起,这种地方风味逐渐进入市肆,流传于苏、浙、赣、闽、沪、鄂以至长江中下游区域,具有广泛的影响。
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徽菜,徽州地方菜,简称“徽菜”,是安徽菜系的主要代表,被列入我国八大菜系中的一系。它发源于歙县,发扬光大于绩溪县,已有

近千年的历史。素以烹制山珍野味而著称。特色为“三重”,即重油、重色、重火功。主要烹饪特点是:一是选料严格,刀功细致、讲

究火候、佐料恰当,以做到“酸甜苦辣咸,五味调和,色香形味器,五感俱生”。二是烹调技术精湛,主要采用炝拌、爆炒、蒸煮、炖

闷、烧烤、杂烩等方法。在操作中讲究造型艺术,善于刀刻、装饰、配色,使烹调技术和艺术加工熔于一炉。三是将美味与保健结合

起来。传统徽菜一般都以《本草纲目》为依据,创造出多种名菜,以补气补身。
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Car bomb shatters Baghdad's calm, kills 51

Many victims were trapped in their apartments by a raging fire that engulfed at least one building, according to police and Interior Ministry officials, who also said about 75 people were wounded. Stunned survivors stumbled through the rubble-strewn street, which was filled with the smoke from burning vehicles, witnesses said.

The attack shattered the relative calm in the capital since a May 11 cease-fire ended seven weeks of fighting between U.S. and Iraqi forces and Shiite militants in the Sadr City district. Ironically, it came the same day the Iraqi parliament announced plans to move outside the U.S.-protected Green Zone.

Angry survivors blamed the army and police for failing to protect them.

"The blast occurred because there wasn't any security presence by the Iraqi army or police at the scene, not even any checkpoint," said Khalid Hassan, 40, who suffered shrapnel wounds and burns. "People were confused, upset and running in all directions. We are all victims of terrorism and carelessness."

The bomber struck about 5:45 p.m. near a market and bus stop in the Hurriyah district of west Baghdad, scene of some of the most horrific sectarian massacres during the wave of Sunni-Shiite slaughter in 2006.

Kamil Jassim, a witness, said the blast set fire to a generator used by residents and shopkeepers to supplement city power. The fire quickly spread to a two-story building containing both shops and apartments where many of the victims were found.

Haider Fadhil, a 25-year-old metal worker, said he was shopping with two friends when the blast hurled him to the ground.


"When I regained consciousness, I found that my left hand and leg were broken," Fadhil said from his bed in a nearby hospital, where anguished families wept as they jammed the waiting rooms. "Thanks be to God for saving me and thanks to those who carried me in their pickup truck to the hospital."

The blast was the deadliest attack in Baghdad since March 6, when a pair of bombs detonated in the mostly Shiite district of Karradah, killing 68 people and wounding about 120.

No group claimed responsibility for Tuesday's blast, and both Sunni and Shiite militants have used car bombs in their attacks.
The consumer inflation in China eased in May, official statistics showed on Thursday, reducing the pressure for harsher monetary tightening.

The consumer price index (CPI) grew 7.7 percent last month over a year earlier, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) said in a statement on its website, 0.8 percentage points lower than the decade-high growth of 8.5 percent in April.

While in line with economists' expectations, the figure is far higher than the official target of 4.8 percent for 2008, thus re-igniting stock investors' worries over a fresh round of monetary tightening.

They went into panic selling, pushing down the benchmark Shanghai Composite Index down 3.25 percent to close the morning session at 2,925.94 points.

That marked a loss of 12.13 percent in less than three sessions after the central bank hiked commercial banks' reserve ratio by 100 basis points to a record 17.5 percent during the weekend. It was the 15th increase in the percentage of deposits commercial banks must park with the central bank as reserves.
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Food prices, which account for one third of China's CPI, continued to be the key driver of the headline inflation, jumping 19.9 percent, according to the NBS. Non-food items rose 1.7 percent.

Among food items, meat prices surged 37.8 percent, with that of pork, a staple meat for the Chinese, rising 48 percent, while cooking oil price went up 41.4 percent.
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In spite of the hefty rise, food prices showed signs of moderating as they rose 22.1 percent year-on-year in April.
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Analysts expect the consumer inflation to continue the downward trend in the coming months. However, a spike in the wholesale inflation last month suggested the fight against inflation will remain an arduous task.
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The producer price index (PPI) accelerated to a three-year high of 8.2 percent in May on soaring energy prices, the NBS said on Wednesday. The PPI, which measures factory-gate prices, is believed to be a key leading indicator for the CPI and may lead to a rebound in consumer inflation.
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